in-situ

Isothermal calorimetry method to determine thermodynamic components (enthalpic and entropic contributions) of binary ionomer-catalyst-solvent interactions to quantify binding strength

Humidity-dependent dynamic water (mass) uptake of ionomers and hydrophilic materials at a controlled temperature (20-85C) to determine sorption isotherms, dynamic diffusion coefficients, residual water. Also works with select organic solvents (vapors)

Quartz-Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation for ionomer dispersion adsorption and ionomer thin film mass change (hydration) on supports (metal-coated substrates) to investigate the ionomer-metal interfaces and interactions

Measures and analyzes dynamic mechanical and rheological properties of materials (viscosity vs. shear rate)