in-situ

morphological characterization of ionomer membranes using transmission small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) in situ, with capabilities to probe nanostructural and crystalline features in dry and hydrated conditions as a function of temperature (30-100% RH in ambient. from 25°C to 90°C in liquid, and up to 200°C for dry environment)

Determine swelling of nanometer-thick ionomer thin films (10-200 nm) on supports to mimic the hydration response of electrode/catalyst ionomers in controlled environment

Microelectrode and microcavity electrode setup to evaluate catalyst and membrane materials. Independent control of atmosphere (gas type and RH) at the working and reference electrodes