Characterization (Structure)
Small/Wide-Angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) in-situ for nanostructure and crystallinity
morphological characterization of ionomer membranes using transmission small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) in situ, with capabilities to probe nanostructural and crystalline features in dry and hydrated conditions as a function of temperature (30-100% RH in ambient. from 25°C to 90°C in liquid, and up to 200°C for dry environment)