LBNL

Probing morphology of materials with chemical specifity by tuning x-rays at varying absorption energies to enhance scattering signal and acquire spectroscopic fingerprint for chemically heteregeneous, hybrid materials

Isothermal calorimetry method to determine thermodynamic components (enthalpic and entropic contributions) of binary ionomer-catalyst-solvent interactions to quantify binding strength

Humidity-dependent dynamic water (mass) uptake of ionomers and hydrophilic materials at a controlled temperature (20-85C) to determine sorption isotherms, dynamic diffusion coefficients, residual water. Also works with select organic solvents (vapors)

Mass and volume measurement of materials using air-displacement methid to determine density and porosity of materials

Quartz-Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation for ionomer dispersion adsorption and ionomer thin film mass change (hydration) on supports (metal-coated substrates) to investigate the ionomer-metal interfaces and interactions